JLPT N5 Grammar: all 78 patterns
N5 is where everyone starts: particles, polite verb forms, asking and requesting, and the basic patterns every later level builds on. Each lesson has its meaning, how to form it, and example sentences with furigana.
Every JLPT N5 grammar pattern (78)
- 後で After doing V / after N, (then) ..., Later; afterwards (when used alone as an adverb)
- あまり~ない Not very ~; not much ~; not often ~ (a negative statement of low degree, amount, or frequency)
- 中 Throughout, all over, during the course of
- でしょう Probably ...; I expect that ...; ... will likely be... (a polite conjecture, spoken with falling intonation)., ..., righ
- で at, in (the place where an action or event takes place)
- ～がほしい I want ~
- が but; although; however (joins two clauses that contrast with each other)
- へ A particle that marks the direction or destination of movement: 'to, toward N'.
- ～から～まで From A to B; expresses a range with a definite starting point (から) and a definite end point (まで) in time or space.
- ~から Because, since…
- か A kind of question(where,how…)
- くする／にする To make something into a certain state; to change X into A / N (an action or cause brings about a change in something).
- ~前に Before N/Vる(occurs/happens)
- ～ましょう。 Let's do V (together) – an invitation or proposal. With か, ～ましょうか means 'Shall I/we do V?' – an offer or suggestion.
- ～ませんか Let's…, Would you like to...
- ~ます/~ません Polite non-past affirmative and negative verb forms. They describe habits, general facts, and future actions; ます is affi
- ~ました/~ませんでした Polite past form of a verb: ～ました means 'did (something)', and ～ませんでした means 'did not do (something)'.
- まだ Still; something still exists or is still happening, Not yet; an expected action has not happened
- もう Already: shows that an action or event has been completed, often sooner than expected or by the time of speaking.
- も Also, too (N is the same as the previously mentioned thing)., As many/much as, as long as (emphasizes that an amount is
- なる To become / get / turn into something. It is used with nouns and adjectives, and also for reaching a time, season or age
- ~ないでください Please don't do ~; used to politely ask or tell someone not to do something.
- ね Sentence-final particle used to check or confirm something with the listener, or to seek the listener's agreement or sha
- まで Until A, up to A, as far as A (the point where a time, place, number or action ends).
- に In, at, on (a place) — marks the place where something or someone exists
- の Sentence-final の (rising intonation) makes a casual question. It often asks for an explanation or confirmation: "…?" / "
- しか~ない Only , no more than , There's only
- ～たい。 Want to V; expresses the speaker's own desire to do something (and asks about the listener's desire in questions).
- もらう To receive or get something (C) from someone (B). The receiver (A) is the subject of the sentence.
- ～たり～たりする Do things like V1,V2
- たち Plural form
- ~ている。 Expresses an action in progress (is doing), a state that remains as the result of a change (is on, is open), or a contin
- のやら I wonder A B, I don't know A B, It can't be said to be only A or B (opposites)..
- ～てから After doing A, (then) B: A is completed first, then B happens., Since A (when followed by a time span or a continuing st
- ~てください Please do ~
- Vた時 When ~ ; at the time when ~ (the action or event in the 時[とき] clause is viewed as completed or occurring, and the main c
- に Marks where something exists: in/on/at A (with ある・いる・住[す]む)., Marks the destination: to/toward A (with 行[い]く・来[く]る・帰[かえ]
- をください Please give me N. Used to ask for an item, or something intangible such as advice, in shops, restaurants and daily life.
- にいく Go (somewhere) in order to do A. The verb stem or action noun before に states the purpose of the trip.
- を Marks the direct object of a transitive verb, i.e. the thing that the action is done to.
- にかえる To go back (home or to one's own place) in order to do something.
- や N1, N2, and so on: lists two or more representative items as examples, implying that there are others too.
- よ A sentence-final particle used to tell the listener something they may not know, or to assert, urge, warn or reassure.
- てもいい It is all right to do A; you may do A. As a question (～てもいいですか), it asks for permission: "May I ...?" With adjectives an
- てはいけない Must not do A; doing A is not allowed (a prohibition based on rules, manners or the speaker's authority).
- と、と、どちらが~ Which is more C, A or B? Used to ask someone to compare two things or people.
- には[及「およ」]ばない There is no need to A
- ては Since A, because of A, Every time that A happens, B, Doing A, then B, A, then B, etc.
- をもって(すれば) With the means/ability/strength A, B is done, A marks the end of something happening (polite)
- と[言「い」]っても Although A is the case, B (as well)
- のもと／をもと Based in/on A
- にかかわる Relating to A, concerning A
- どころではない Its not A
- に[対「たい」]して／に[対「たい」]しては In response to (topic) A, in regards to A, considering A, in contrast to A
- において At the time/place/state A
- っけ Marks a question (very informal), Used to trying to recall/confirm information A; 'What is it, again?'
- によって/により/による By the means/method A, by A, In accordance with A, depending on A, based on A, due/because to A, For some A, certain A,
- わりに Considering A, B (unexpected)
- くらいだ／ぐらいだ So A, to the extent A, A non-exact amount A, Around/about A, At least A
- とは限らない A is not 100%
- ついでに Since A happened/is going to happen, B
- わけだ As you'd expect, A; Of course, A, States a reason/explanation A
- はずだ It should be A, it ought to be A
- はずがない Cannot be A, should not be A (when describing a situation, not the actions of the subject)
- ようになる／なくなる Become…
- に In A, on A, at A, To A, towards A, on A, At A (time)
- など Such as…
- つもりだ Plan to, be going to
- らしい Seem to~
- さ Changes A into a noun
- の Turn sentence into question
- ずに Without A..ing
- がっている Want, like
- ようだ Looks as if A
- と When/if V1,then V2
- の Question
- しか~ない Only , no more than , There's only
- だけ Just, Because of, as much as..