Vた時
Vた時
Yuzuo Chan
|
11.06.2025
Meaning
When ~ ; at the time when ~ (the action or event in the 時[とき] clause is viewed as completed or occurring, and the main clause describes what happens or is true at that time).
Conjugation
Vた + 時、~: (Vる + 時、~ is the contrast form: the action has not been completed yet)
Examples
Show translation
日本に来た時、まだ日本語が話せませんでした。
家に帰った時、母は料理をしていました。
国へ帰った時、友達に会いました。
仕事が終わった時、電話してください。
朝起きた時、雨が降っていました。
京都へ行った時、お寺の写真をたくさんとりました。
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.title
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.wrong: 国へ帰った時、空港でかばんを買いました。(meant: I bought a bag at the airport before leaving for home)
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.correct: 国へ帰る時、空港でかばんを買いました。
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.why: If the main action happens before the clause action is completed (before arriving or leaving), use Vる時, not Vた時. Vた時 means the clause action is already done.
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.wrong: 帰りました時、友達に会いました。
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.correct: 帰った時、友達に会いました。
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.why: The verb before 時 must be in the plain (casual) form, not ます-form. The politeness level is set at the end of the sentence.
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.wrong: 日本に来ている時、まだ話せませんでした。(meant: when I first arrived in Japan)
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.correct: 日本に来た時、まだ話せませんでした。
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.why: 来ている時 means 'while visiting or staying in Japan', describing an ongoing state or period rather than the moment of arrival. To say 'when I arrived in Japan', use the plain past form 来た時.
Key points
Use Vた時 when the action or event in the 時 clause is viewed as completed or has occurred at the relevant time. The main clause may happen afterward, result from it, or simply describe what was true at that time. Compare 帰る時 ('when I'm about to go home / while going home') with 帰った時 ('when I got home'). It is neutral and works in speech and writing; 時に is also fine. Unlike 〜てから, which stresses the order of events ('after'), 〜た時 means 'when', and it is not the hypothetical 〜たら ('if / once').
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