つ~つ
Meaning
Doing A and B alternately, back and forth, or to each other (A and B are opposite actions, or an action and its passive). Used in set phrases.
Conjugation
(A)Vます-stem + つ + (B)Vます-stem + つ: (A)Vます-stem + つ + (B)Vpassive ます-stem + つ
Examples
Show translation
二人の選手は追いつ追われつの接戦を繰り広げた。
首位争いは最後まで抜きつ抜かれつの展開だった。
私たち夫婦は持ちつ持たれつで長い年月を過ごしてきた。
彼は面接の前、会場の入口の前を行きつ戻りつしていた。
久しぶりに会った友人と、差しつ差されつ夜遅くまで飲んだ。
小さな舟が波間に浮きつ沈みつしている。
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.title
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.wrong: 読みつ書きつ勉強する
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.correct: 読んだり書いたりして勉強する
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.why: つ~つ is limited to set phrases of opposite or reciprocal actions. For freely chosen actions use ~たり~たり.
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.wrong: 行くつ戻るつ
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.correct: 行きつ戻りつ
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.why: The verbs must be in the ます-stem (連用形), not the dictionary form.
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.wrong: 追いつ追われ
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.correct: 追いつ追われつ
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.why: Both verbs need つ. Leaving off the second つ breaks the pattern.
Key points
Attach it to the ます-stem (連用形) of a pair of opposite verbs (行きつ戻りつ, 浮きつ沈みつ) or of a verb and its passive (追いつ追われつ, 持ちつ持たれつ). It is literary, and almost always limited to fixed expressions, usually followed by する, の or a particle like で.
Unlike ~たり~たり, which freely lists any actions, つ~つ stresses two actions alternating or exchanged. Unlike ~ながら, it does not describe two simultaneous actions by one person.
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