にひきかえ
Meaning
Unlike A, B; in contrast to A, B. It sets up two things or situations that are clearly opposite.
Conjugation
(A)N + に + ひきかえ: (A)V・Aい (plain form) + のに + ひきかえ
Examples
Show translation
去年は雨が多かったのにひきかえ、今年は全然降らない。
騒がしい都会にひきかえ、田舎は静かで落ち着く。
勉強が苦手な弟にひきかえ、姉は成績がとても優秀だ。
シカゴは冬が寒いのにひきかえ、夏は蒸し暑い。
姉は元気なのにひきかえ、妹は病気がちだ。
兄がよく働くのにひきかえ、弟は毎日遊んでばかりいる。
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.title
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.wrong: 兄は背が高いのにひきかえ、弟も背が高い。
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.correct: 兄は背が高いのにひきかえ、弟は背が低い。
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.why: にひきかえ needs a clear contrast between A and B. It cannot be used when both are similar.
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.wrong: 静かにひきかえ、都会は騒がしい。
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.correct: 田舎は静かなのにひきかえ、都会は騒がしい。
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.why: With a な-adjective, use なのに + ひきかえ. Adding に directly to the stem is wrong.
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.wrong: 去年にひきかえ、今年はもっと勉強してください。
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.correct: 去年にひきかえ、今年はよく勉強している。
grammarDetailPage.commonMistakes.why: B must be a statement of fact or the speaker's evaluation. Requests and commands do not fit the pattern.
Key points
A is the reference point and the main clause B describes the opposite (for example good vs. bad, active vs. passive, then vs. now). It is formal and mostly used in writing, and B often carries the speaker's evaluation, often negative. Unlike に対して, which can simply compare or contrast neutrally, にひきかえ requires a sharp contrast. Do not use it for requests or commands in B.
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