までに
までに
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madeniParticles
Yuzuo Chan
|
11.06.2025
Meaning
By (a deadline); no later than; by the time something happens
Conjugation
N+までに: Vる+までに
Examples
Show translation
出発の5分前までに集合してください。
いつまでに必要ですか。
6時半までには帰ってきてね。
レポートは金曜日までに出してください。
先生が来るまでに、教室を掃除しておきましょう。
来週までに、この本を図書館に返さなければなりません。
Common Mistakes
Wrong: 3時までに勉強しました。
Correct: 3時まで勉強しました。
Why: A continuing activity (studying) up to a time uses まで. までに is only for a deadline of a one-time action.
Wrong: 5時まで駅に来てください。
Correct: 5時までに駅に来てください。
Why: Coming to the station is a one-time action, so までに marks the deadline. まで with 来る can sound ambiguous or suggest a time limit extending to 5:00, whereas までに clearly means no later than 5:00.
Wrong: 先生が来るまでに、ここで待ちます。
Correct: 先生が来るまで、ここで待ちます。
Why: Waiting is a continuing action up to a point, so it takes まで, not までに.
Key points
Use it to give a time limit within which a one-time action or completion must happen. N is a time expression, and a verb must be in dictionary form. Unlike まで ("until", for an action or state that continues up to a time), までに only sets the deadline; the action can happen at any point before it.
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